This paper presents ongoing work in the development of a scalable hydroponics monitoring system. Our system leverages using wireless IoT technology and applies machine learning techniques on gath- ered data to provide recommendations to agronomists. Hydroponics is a method of growing plants in a water based nutrient rich solution system, instead of soil. By monitoring the parameters of the solution and the en- vironmental parameters inside the greenhouse, farmers can increase the production while decreasing the need for manual labor. Multiple net- worked sensors can measure these parameters and send all the necessary information to an Internet of things (IoT) platform (i.e., Thingsboard) in order the farmer to be able to control and adjust current operating conditions (e.g. environmental controls) and plan the nutrition schedule. Machine Learning can be used to detect anomalous operating conditions and to provide operational recommendations to assist farmers. The nov- elty presented in our system is that data contributed by multiple farming sites can be used to improve the quality of predictions and recommen- dations for all parties involved.

Georgiadis, G., Komninos A., Koskeris A., & Garofalakis J. (2019).  Improving Hydroponic Agriculture through IoT-enabled Collaborative Machine Learning. Intl. Workshop on Data Science and Internet of Things. Catania, Italy.

This paper presents the development of a scalable hydro- ponics monitoring system and data processing through wireless sensor networks. We implement novel hardware and virtual sensors through ab- straction in an IoT management platform. We introduce the concept of collaborative machine learning from multiple sites to improve prediction and discuss related project challenges

Komninos, A., Georgiadis G., Koskeris A., & Garofalakis J. (2019).  Internet of things applications on monitoring hydroponics through wireless sensor networks. 10th International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems and Applications (IISA'19). ., Springer.

Internet of Things is the cornerstone of most of the modern technological achievements and one of the biggest sources of data. The millions of Mbytes generated by telemetry sensors are already used for statistical analysis or the creation of prediction models used in various applications in the area of smart cities, smart building, smart health, smart energy, etc. From the other hand, the expansion of IoT forced the need of more standardized approaches such the ones used in industrial automation. The Industrial Internet of Things, as part of Industry 4.0 concept, promotes the cyber physical systems (CPS) as sensors and actuators that will build the modern automation world in and out of the factories. This article studies the IIoT reference architectures and the existing open source IoT platforms for proposing an integrated architecture for installing IIoT infrastructure that can collect and analyze big volume of data, easy and with low cost. The approach is evaluated in a smart building scenario.

Alexakos, C., Komninos A., Anagnostopoulos C., Kalogeras G., Savvopoulos A., & Kalogeras A. (2019).  Building an Industrial IoT Infrastructure with open Source Software for Smart Energy. First International Conference on Societal Automation. Krakow, Poland, IEEE.

In this paper, we discuss the main challenges for human monitoring of complex cyberphysical systems, with the use of mobile technology such as smartphones, tablets and head- mounted augmented (or virtual) reality headsets. We discuss the limitations of human cognition in terms of attention management, and provide an overview of the state of the art in mobile notification systems. Concluding, we describe the role of machine learning and artificial intelligence in the assistance of mobile CPS monitoring engineers.

Komninos, A.. (2019).  Challenges in multimodal notifications for monitoring cyberphysical systems. First International Conference on Societal Automation. Krakow, Poland, IEEE.

Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) combine computational and physical components enabling real world interaction. Digitization, decentralization and high connectivity as well as incorporation of various enabling technologies raise various security issues. These security concerns may affect safety, endangering as- sets and even human lives. This is especially true for CPS utilization in different sectors of great significance, including manufacturing or critical infrastructures, creating a need for efficiently handling relevant security issues. Including security as part of a software intensive technical system (i.e the CPS) that can be distribut- ed and highly resilient highlights the need for appropriate security methodologies to be applied on the CPS from the engineering stage during CPS design. The effi- cient security related processes that are implemented at design time, have an im- pact on security monitoring during the CPS operational phase (at run time). Effi- cient and accurate security monitoring that follows security-by-design principles can be a potent tool in the hands of the CPS manager for detecting and mitigating cyber threats. Monitoring traffic and activity at the system boundaries, detecting changes to device status and configuration, detecting suspicious activity indicating attacks, detecting unauthorized activity that is suspicious or violates security poli- cies, timely responding to security incidents and recovering from them, are issues that need to be efficiently tackled with by security monitoring. In the present chap- ter, we are exploring the various CPS cybersecurity threats and discus how adding security as a parameter at the CPS design phase can provide a well-structured and efficient approach on providing strong security CPS foundations. New technolo- gies on CPS security Design are presented and emerging security directions are discussed. Furthermore, in the chapter, the different aspects of security monitoring are presented with a special emphasis on CPSs, discussing the various existing monitoring approaches that are followed in order to detect security issues at run time. Specific use-cases of CPSs in the manufacturing domain and with reference to critical infrastructures are also detailed and security requirements like confiden- tiality, integrity and availability are discussed

Fournaris, A., Komninos A., Lalos A., Kalogeras A. P., Koulamas C., & Serpanos D. (In Press).  Design and Run-time aspects of Secure Cyber Physical Systems. Security and Quality in Cyber-Physical Systems Engineering (Biffl S., Eckhart M., Lüder A. & Weippl E. eds.). ., Springer International Publishing.