@conference {168, title = {LEDBoard: Using visual feedback to support text entry with physical keyboards}, booktitle = {14th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing \& Ambient Intelligence (UCAmI 2022)}, year = {2022}, publisher = {Springer Cham}, organization = {Springer Cham}, address = {Cordoba, Spain}, abstract = {Physical keyboards persist as one of the most common input devices for personal computers. Low familiarity with the keyboard translates to frustration during text entry, as the user constantly shifts their attention between the keyboard and the screen, in order to locate the next key to press, and to inspect input for errors. To decrease the need for attention shifts, we present physical keyboard typists with visual feedback, within their field of view, using an RGB LED strip to indicate spelling errors in different colours. We conducted a user experiment with 36 participants. Users{\textquoteright} performance was evaluated a) without visual feedback, b) showing feedback with a LED strip on the keyboard, and c) showing feedback with a LED strip at the bottom of the screen. We find that our prototype improves corrective action behaviour for slow typists and reduces screen-glancing behaviour for fast typists.}, keywords = {Intelligent keyboards, Physical keyboards, text entry, Text Entry Support, Visual feedback}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-21333-5_85}, author = {Komninos, Andreas and Kavvathas, Vassilios and Simou, Ioulia} } @conference {172, title = {Text Entry Research - The last 5 years (2018-2022)}, booktitle = {TEXT2030 - Shaping Text Entry Research for 2030, Workshop in conjunction with ACM MobileHCI{\textquoteright}22}, year = {2022}, address = {Vancouver, Canada}, abstract = {In this paper, we present a bibliometric study of text entry research between 2018 and mid-2022. From this analysis, we identify the per- formance and relative challenges facing the text entry community, on the road to the next decade of research. We identify the community{\textquoteright}s low collaboration practices as a main barrier to progress, and propose several ideas on how to overcome this challenge.}, keywords = {Bibliometrics, text entry}, author = {Komninos, Andreas and Simou, Ioulia} } @conference {167, title = {TEXT2030 - Shaping Text Entry Research in 2030}, booktitle = {Adjunct Publication of the 24th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services}, year = {2022}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, organization = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, abstract = {We propose a workshop on the theme of ubiquitous text entry research. Our aim is to address the methodological challenges arising from several decades of experience in this research community. We hope to solicit views, experiences and ideas from researchers across a range of backgrounds, with a view to formulate concrete action plans to move community practices into a strengthened position by 2030.}, keywords = {methodological challenges, scientific practice, text entry}, isbn = {9781450393416}, doi = {10.1145/3528575.3551429}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3528575.3551429}, author = {Dunlop, Mark D. and Stuerzlinger, Wolfgang and Arif, Ahmed Sabbir and Komninos, Andreas and Alharbi, Ohoud} } @article {166, title = {The Value of Open Data in HCI: A Case Report from Mobile Text Entry Research}, journal = {Multimodal Technologies and Interaction}, volume = {6}, year = {2022}, pages = {71}, publisher = {MDPI}, abstract = {For many years, HCI research has been known to suffer from a replication crisis, due to the lack of openly available datasets and accompanying code. Recent research has identified several barriers that prevent the wider sharing of primary research materials in HCI, but such material does, in fact, exist. Interested in the field of mobile text entry research, and largely hindered by the lack of access to participants due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the exploration of a recently published open gaze and touch dataset became an appealing prospect. This paper demonstrates the numerous problems and the extent of required effort related to understanding, sanitising and utilising open data in order to produce meaningful outcomes from it, through a detailed account of working with this dataset. Despite these issues, the paper demonstrates the value of open data as a means to produce novel contributions, without the need for additional new data (in this case, an unsupervised learning pipeline for the robust detection of gaze clusters in vertically distinct areas of interest). Framing the experience of this case study under a dataset lifecycle model intended for ML open data, a set of useful guidelines for researchers wishing to exploit open data is derived. A set of recommendations is also proposed, about the handling of papers accompanied by data, by conferences and journals in the future, Finally, the paper proposes a set of actions for the mobile text entry community, in order to facilitate data sharing across its members.}, keywords = {eye tracking, gaze detection, open data, text entry}, issn = {2414-4088}, doi = {10.3390/mti6090071}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/6/9/71}, author = {Komninos, Andreas} } @conference {131, title = {WiseType: A Tablet Keyboard with Color-Coded Visualization and Various Editing Options for Error Correction}, booktitle = {Graphics Interface - 45th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Human-Computer Interaction (GI2019)}, year = {2019}, note = { Michael A.J. Sweeney award for Best Student Paper}, month = {05/2019}, publisher = {Canadian Human-Computer Communications Society}, organization = {Canadian Human-Computer Communications Society}, address = {Kingston, Canada}, abstract = {To address the problem of improving text entry accuracy in mobile devices, we present a new tablet keyboard that offers both immediate and delayed feedback on language quality through auto-correction, prediction, and grammar checking. We combine different visual representations for grammar and spelling errors, accepted predictions, auto-corrections, as well as support interactive swiping/tapping features and improved interaction with previous errors, predictions, and auto-corrections. We also added smart error correction features to the system to decrease the overhead of correcting errors and decrease the number of operations. We designed the new input method with an iterative user-centered approach through multiple pilot studies. To determine the effect of our approach, we conducted a lab-based study used a refined methodology and found that WiseType outperforms a standard keyboard in terms of text entry speed and error rate. The study shows that color-coded text background highlighting and underlining of potential mistakes in combination with fast correction methods can improve writing speed and accuracy.}, keywords = {auto-correction, backspace, Error Correction, error detection, predictive text, text entry, Touchscreen, virtual keyboard}, isbn = {978-0-9947868-4-5}, doi = {10.20380/GI2019.04}, author = {Alharbi, Ohoud and Arif, Ahmed Sabbir and Stuerzlinger, Wolfgang and Mark D Dunlop and Andreas Komninos} } @conference {119, title = {A glimpse of mobile text entry errors and corrective behaviour in the wild}, booktitle = {Extended Abstracts, Mobile HCI{\textquoteright}18}, year = {2018}, month = {09/2018}, publisher = {ACM}, organization = {ACM}, address = {Barcelona, Spain}, abstract = {Research in mobile text entry has long focused on speed and input errors during lab studies. However, little is known about how input errors emerge in real- world situations or how users deal with these. We present findings from an in-the-wild study of everyday text entry and discuss their implications for future studies.}, keywords = {error behaviour, field study, Smartphones, text entry}, doi = {10.1145/3236112.3236143}, author = {Andreas Komninos and Mark D Dunlop and Kyriakos Katsaris and John Garofalakis} } @conference {102, title = {Adding mid-air gestures to help editing on smartwatch text entry}, booktitle = {ACM CHI 2017 Workshop on Ubiquitous Text Interaction}, year = {2017}, month = {05/2017}, address = {Denver, Colorado, USA}, abstract = {Text entry has been shown to have reasonable performance on smart watches but space is very tight and editing has been shown to be a major factor slowing down text entry on many devices. In this position paper we propose use of mid-air gestures to control editing functions so that screen estate and touch gestures can be focused on text entry.}, keywords = {editing text, interaction, mid-air gestures, text entry}, author = {Andreas Komninos and Mark D Dunlop} } @article {92, title = {A Participatory Design and Formal Study Investigation into Mobile Text Entry for Older Adults}, journal = {International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {05/2016}, pages = {20{\textendash}46}, publisher = {IGI Global}, abstract = {Text entry remains key to many tasks on touchscreen smartphones and is an important factor in the usability of such devices. The known problems of text entry can be particularly acute for older adults due to physical and cognitive issues associated with ageing. In a study of mobile text entry the authors employed a variety of participatory design and formal comparative study techniques in order to explore the requirements of this group of users and to discover the key differences in texting activity between them and younger users of mobile devices. They report on the findings of a lab study of texting behaviour of older adults. The authors{\textquoteright} findings indicate differences in attitudes to texting styles and tasks between older and younger adults. They also identify some differences in typing behaviour and reflect on methods.}, keywords = {Older Adults, Participatory Design, Qualitative and Quantitative Studies, text entry}, doi = {10.4018/ijmhci.2016040102.oa}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmhci.2016040102.oa}, author = {Emma Nicol and Andreas Komninos and Mark D Dunlop} } @conference {76, title = {Designed with Older Adults to Support Better Error Correction in SmartPhone Text Entry: The MaxieKeyboard}, booktitle = {Adjunct proc. of the 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services}, year = {2015}, month = {08/2015}, publisher = {ACM}, organization = {ACM}, address = {Copenhagen, Denmark}, abstract = {Through our participatory design with older adults a theme of error support for texting on smartphones emerged. Here we present the MaxieKeyboard based on the outcomes from this process. The keyboard highlights errors, autocorrections and suggestion bar usage in the composition area and gives feedback on the keyboard on typing correctness. Our older adults groups have shown strong support for the keyboard.}, keywords = {Error Correction, Older Adults, text entry, Touchscreen}, doi = {10.1145/2786567.2793703}, author = {Andreas Komninos and Emma Nicol and Mark D Dunlop} } @conference {81, title = {Investigating Mobile Text Entry for Older Adults}, booktitle = {Workshop on Reimagining Mobile Interfaces for Older Adults, in conjunction with ACM MobileHCI{\textquoteright}14}, year = {2014}, address = {Toronto, Canada}, abstract = {Text entry remains key to many tasks on touchscreen smartphones and is an important factor in the usability of such devices. The known problems of text entry can be particularly acute for older adults due to physical and cognitive issues associated with ageing. In a study of mobile text entry we employed a variety of participatory design techniques in order to develop novel keyboard layouts to address the requirements of this group of users. We report on the early findings and the methodological implications for further research in this area. Based on our results we argue that making the effort to involve older adults in the design process has benefits that could not otherwise be achieved. }, keywords = {Older Adults, Participatory Design, text entry}, url = {http://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/id/eprint/50758}, author = {Emma Nicol and Andreas Komninos and Mark D Dunlop} } @article {61, title = {Text Input on a Smart Watch}, journal = {Pervasive Computing}, volume = {13}, year = {2014}, month = {10/2014}, pages = {50-58}, publisher = {IEEE}, abstract = {Smart-watches provide users with access to many applications on smartphones direct from their wrists, without the need to touch their smartphone. While applications such as email, messaging, calendar and social networking provide views on the watch, there is normally no text entry method so users cannot reply on the same device. Here we introduce our interaction design for smartwatch text entry, an optimised alphabetic layout and present a lab evaluation of an implemented prototype using the OpenAdaptxt engine on a Sony SmartWatch 2. While raising some problems, the feedback from our participants indicates that reasonable quality and speed is achievable on a smart-watch and encourages our future work.}, keywords = {Smartwatch, text entry}, doi = {10.1109/MPRV.2014.77}, author = {Andreas Komninos and Mark D Dunlop} } @conference {55, title = {Towards High Quality Text Entry on Smartwatches}, booktitle = {CHI {\textquoteright}14 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, year = {2014}, publisher = {ACM}, organization = {ACM}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, keywords = {mobile usability, smart watches, text entry}, isbn = {978-1-4503-2474-8}, doi = {10.1145/2559206.2581319}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2559206.2581319}, author = {Mark D Dunlop and Andreas Komninos and Durga, Naveen} }